Japanese period drama Kokuho has emerged as a beacon of hope in the film industry during a challenging year for theatrical releases. The nearly three-hour film, directed by Lee Sang-il, has captivated audiences and critics alike, becoming Japan’s most commercially successful live-action film of all time. Following its premiere in the Directors’ Fortnight section at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2025, the film quickly gained traction at the box office, earning over $112 million and receiving accolades for its artistic merit.
Adapted from an 800-page novel by acclaimed author Shuichi Yoshida, Kokuho explores the intricate world of traditional kabuki theater. The narrative focuses on the intertwined lives of two performers: an orphaned onnagata prodigy and the heir to a prestigious theatrical lineage. Their relationship, characterized by both friendship and rivalry, unfolds over five decades, highlighting themes of ambition, beauty, and the sacrifices inherent in pursuing greatness.
The film has been recognized as a strong contender for the Academy Award for Best International Feature, especially after a brief awards-qualifying run in Los Angeles and New York. A full U.S. theatrical release is anticipated in early 2026, further expanding its reach. Lee’s direction has been praised for crafting a “transporting and operatic saga,” as noted in a review by The Hollywood Reporter, effectively blending backstage drama with a poignant exploration of the artist’s journey.
Lee Sang-il’s Vision
Born in Niigata in 1974 to a Korean-Japanese family, Lee has built a reputation in Japan’s indie film scene since the late 1990s. His breakthrough project, Hula Girls (2006), won numerous Japan Academy Prizes and set the stage for his future works, which often tackle complex moral themes. Over the years, he has collaborated frequently with Yoshida, whose works have inspired several of Lee’s films, including the critically acclaimed Villain (2010) and Rage (2016).
Lee’s latest project, Kokuho, represents a deeply personal endeavor. He dedicated 15 years to developing the film, which included nearly two years of rigorous kabuki training for the lead actors, Ryo Yoshizawa and Ryusei Yokohama. Their performances, complemented by a cast that includes Ken Watanabe and Min Tanaka, bring a unique gravitas to the story. Watanabe portrays a patriarch whose authority influences the protagonists, while Tanaka’s portrayal of an elder onnagata adds a haunting spiritual dimension to the film.
The cinematography, led by Sofian El Fani, captures the immersive kabuki sequences with stunning close-ups, which have been credited with reviving interest in traditional kabuki performances across Japan. Major kabuki venues have reported increased attendance, particularly among younger audiences, indicating a renewed fascination with the art form.
A Cultural Phenomenon
As Kokuho screens at the Red Sea International Film Festival in Saudi Arabia this week, its impact on Japanese culture continues to resonate. The film has transformed into a cultural watershed, prompting discussions on the sacrifices required to achieve artistic success. Lee notes that the film encapsulates a profound exploration of beauty, intertwining brutality with artistry, as reflected in the haunting imagery that recurs throughout the narrative.
In an interview, Lee expressed his long-standing fascination with onnagata performers, stating, “The kabuki artist’s pursuit of beauty is a journey filled with immense personal sacrifice.” He aims to present kabuki not merely as a subject to be explained but as an experience from which audiences can draw emotional resonance.
“The story is about an artist seeking the light, trying to reach the highest point in their craft,” he explains. This approach has allowed viewers to engage with the emotional depth of the characters, making the film feel both intimate and grand.
Lee’s commitment to authenticity is evident in his portrayal of kabuki. He emphasizes that while the film features extensive kabuki performances, it remains rooted in the personal dramas of its characters. This balance ensures that audiences can connect with the art form, regardless of their familiarity with kabuki.
The film’s success can also be attributed to its ability to resonate with contemporary issues in Japan, such as economic disparity and the increasing distance between individuals. Lee’s intention to capture the beauty of human connection amid these challenges has struck a chord with audiences, contributing to the film’s status as a national phenomenon.
As Kokuho continues to garner attention and accolades, Lee Sang-il’s vision for the film stands as a testament to the power of storytelling and the enduring allure of kabuki theater. The journey of these characters, marked by their sacrifices and triumphs, reflects the universal pursuit of beauty and meaning in art.
