A recent study reveals that substance use disorders resulted in an estimated loss of $92.65 billion in productivity across the United States in 2023. This figure encompasses missed work, reduced job performance, and losses in household productivity, underscoring the significant economic impact of these disorders. The analysis, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, highlights the urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies aimed at mitigating both health and economic repercussions.
Investigation by researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that substance use disorders can severely hinder cognitive and behavioral functioning, leading to substantial productivity losses. “While medical costs and premature deaths associated with substance use disorders have been well documented, the impact of productivity losses on workers, families, and employers due to illness remains less visible and is often underestimated,” the research team stated.
The study utilized data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), focusing on adults aged 18 and older with substance use disorders. This research aimed to provide a holistic view of the societal burden by examining absenteeism, presenteeism (being present at work but not fully productive), and household production activities such as cooking and cleaning.
The findings reveal an average productivity loss of approximately $3,703 per adult suffering from a substance use disorder. Of the total estimated costs, males accounted for $61.19 billion, while females represented $31.45 billion. The study emphasizes that these losses go far beyond direct healthcare expenses, with the largest contributions coming from inability to work and absenteeism.
Understanding the Scope of Productivity Losses
Significantly, the analysis highlighted that costs associated with presenteeism and household productivity losses accounted for 13% and 10% of the total losses, respectively. This suggests that interventions targeting improved functionality at work, rather than merely attendance, could yield considerable economic benefits.
“These costs are comparable to direct healthcare spending on substance use disorders, showing the wide economic impact of these disorders,” the researchers noted. They argued that effective prevention and treatment require integrated, ethically grounded approaches that address not only individual risk factors but also the broader social determinants affecting substance use.
As employers and policymakers consider investments in treatment access, workplace support, and prevention initiatives, the study’s results indicate potential returns on these investments extend beyond mere healthcare savings.
Potential for Change
The researchers conclude that addressing substance use disorders effectively necessitates coordinated efforts across health, social, and justice systems. They advocate for strategies that integrate various sectors to foster a more supportive environment for those affected by these disorders.
The study serves as a critical reminder of the hidden costs associated with substance use disorders, urging stakeholders to prioritize comprehensive approaches that can enhance productivity and improve overall societal health.
For further details, refer to the study titled “Productivity Losses From Substance Use Disorder in the U.S. in 2023,” published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (2025). You can access it through DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108102.
