As respiratory illnesses surge, health experts urge individuals to prioritize vaccinations this holiday season. Flu cases typically peak in the fall and winter, and with rising hospitalizations for influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) across Texas, it is crucial for the public to take preventive measures.
The current winter season is expected to see an increase in four primary infections: the common cold, influenza, COVID-19, and RSV. According to Catherine Troisi, a professor specializing in infectious diseases at UT Health Houston’s School of Public Health, “Respiratory viruses love the winter.” She explains that people are more likely to gather indoors during colder months, facilitating the exchange of viruses. Additionally, lower humidity contributes to drier nasal passages, increasing susceptibility to infections.
Dr. Varun Shetty, chief state epidemiologist at the Texas Department of State Health Services, emphasizes that environmental changes are not the only factors contributing to the spread of respiratory viruses. “There’s holiday time, a lot of travel,” Shetty noted. This period is pivotal for Texans to take protective measures against potential infections.
The difference between colds, influenza, RSV, and COVID-19 lies in their symptoms and transmission methods. All four illnesses fall under the category of influenza-like illnesses, making it difficult to distinguish them without testing. Common symptoms include fever, runny nose, and sore throat, as stated by Troisi.
To minimize the risk of illness, health experts recommend simple preventive steps. Frequent handwashing and avoiding contact with the face are essential. Yet, the consensus is clear: the most effective way to protect oneself is through vaccinations. Dr. John Carlo, an infectious disease expert and CEO of Prism Health North Texas, asserts that vaccines are remarkably safe and effective. “The best public health accomplishments of our time are contained in these vaccines,” he stated.
Vaccinations do not entirely eliminate the risk of infection but significantly reduce the likelihood of hospitalizations and fatalities. Troisi explains that vaccines work by introducing a part of the virus to the immune system, prompting the body to generate antibodies. “If you were exposed to the real virus, your immune system would say ‘I remember that’ and make those antibodies to protect you,” she added.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the flu vaccine for everyone over six months, particularly individuals at higher risk due to age or health conditions. For RSV, the guidelines suggest vaccination for people aged 75 and older or those with underlying health issues such as asthma or heart disease. There is also an RSV vaccine for pregnant individuals in their third trimester, which helps pass antibodies to the baby.
Regarding the COVID-19 vaccine, the recommendations vary. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the COVID booster for individuals over 65 and those with underlying conditions. The CDC states that anyone older than six months can receive the vaccine after discussing it with a healthcare professional. Troisi indicates that the practical application of these recommendations remains uncertain. She notes that insurance companies generally prefer to cover vaccinations rather than pay for hospitalizations resulting from severe illnesses.
The optimal time to receive a flu shot is around the end of October, but Troisi reassures that it is not too late, even in December or January, if the virus is circulating. For the COVID-19 vaccine, it is advisable to wait about three months since the last booster. “You can get your COVID shot now. You can get it the same time you get your flu vaccine,” Troisi encouraged.
Despite the differences in behavior between COVID-19 and influenza, monitoring COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations can guide individuals on when to get vaccinated. It is important to note that vaccines typically take about two weeks to reach optimal effectiveness. Therefore, getting vaccinated at the onset of a COVID-19 surge may not provide immediate protection.
In light of the challenges posed by misinformation and unclear recommendations, Dr. Philip Huang, director of Dallas County Health and Human Services, stresses the importance of vaccination. “Getting the vaccine up front, and now, when the numbers are still low, is the thing that people can do to protect through the whole season,” he stated.
The availability of the COVID-19 vaccine has changed compared to previous years. Due to the recent alterations in federal vaccine recommendations, some pharmacies and clinics hesitated to order doses. Moreover, the COVID-19 vaccine is not included in Texas’ “adult safety net” program, which means the state does not provide it for free in adult safety net clinics. Nevertheless, many healthcare providers are finding ways to cover costs for patients. For instance, Prism Health North Texas has absorbed these costs, and Dallas County Health and Human Services has developed plans to assist with expenses.
Individuals seeking vaccines should consult their doctors, nurses, pharmacists, or local health authorities for guidance on where to receive them.
Experts express concern about the potential for a challenging flu season, similar to the previous year, which saw a troubling number of pediatric deaths. Troisi highlighted, “We had a large number of, unfortunately, pediatric deaths last year, the most in a number of years.” The CDC’s predictive models suggest that this season may mirror last year’s concerning trends, which could place significant strain on healthcare systems.
As the holiday season approaches, individuals are encouraged to remain vigilant and proactive about their health. Vaccination remains a critical tool in safeguarding against respiratory illnesses, ensuring that communities can navigate the winter months with greater resilience.
