Bigorexia, or muscle dysmorphia, is a body image disorder that predominantly affects teenage boys and young men, yet remains largely under-recognized. While body image disorders like anorexia and bulimia are commonly associated with young women, the pressure to achieve a muscular physique is increasingly impacting young men, leading to a condition known as bigorexia.
Dr. Jason Nagata, an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco, highlights the oversight in recognizing eating disorders in boys. “Eating disorders in boys are under-recognized, under-diagnosed, and under-treated,” he explains. “Many people, including healthcare professionals, are not aware that eating disorders can occur in boys.”
What is Bigorexia?
Bigorexia, also referred to as muscle dysmorphia or reverse anorexia, is characterized by an obsession with becoming muscular. Dr. Nagata notes, “Muscle dysmorphia occurs when an individual becomes obsessed with becoming muscular. They may view themselves as puny even if they are objectively muscular.”
Joseph Trunzo, a clinical psychologist and associate director at Bryant University, states that approximately 90% of those with bigorexia are young men, typically aged between 15 and 32. This condition, while less visible than other eating disorders, can be equally damaging both physically and mentally.
Recognizing the Signs of Bigorexia
Experts outline several behaviors that may indicate bigorexia, including:
- Compulsive Exercise: While exercise is beneficial, those with bigorexia may spend excessive hours at the gym, focusing on muscle gain rather than overall health. “Bigorexia predominantly focuses on musculature and muscle size,” Trunzo explains.
- Social Withdrawal: The obsession with fitness routines can lead to disruptions in daily life, affecting social interactions and academic or professional performance.
- Strict Dieting: Individuals may adhere to rigid dietary rules, often becoming upset if their regimen is disrupted. This behavior overlaps with binge eating disorders, albeit under a different guise.
- Inadequate Nutrition: Despite high levels of physical activity, those with bigorexia may not consume enough food to support their exercise, leading to potential malnutrition.
- Supplement and Steroid Use: Excessive use of supplements and anabolic steroids is common, posing significant health risks including heart, liver, and kidney issues.
- Mirror Checking: An obsessive need to check their appearance in mirrors, similar to behaviors seen in anorexia, is prevalent among those with bigorexia.
The Role of Social Media
The rise of social media has exacerbated body image issues among young men. Platforms provide constant exposure to idealized body types, influencing perceptions of self-worth and attractiveness. “The constant bombardment from social media has been a real driver in the increases we’re seeing in kids having these issues with body dysmorphic disorder,” says Trunzo.
Parents are encouraged to engage in conversations with their children about the realities of social media. Trunzo advises, “As a parent, you want to know what your kid is seeing on social media, what they’re seeing on TV, or what they’re seeing in the movies, and then you want to talk to them about that.”
Seeking Help and Treatment
Understanding that bigorexia is a serious mental health condition is crucial. Dr. Nagata emphasizes the importance of professional intervention. “If you have concerns, you should get professional help,” he advises. A primary care provider or pediatrician can conduct assessments and provide referrals to appropriate specialists.
Effective treatment often involves an interdisciplinary approach, including mental health, medical, and nutritional guidance. “Muscle dysmorphia and eating disorders are best supported by an interdisciplinary team,” Nagata asserts.
As awareness grows, it is essential to address the unique challenges faced by young men with bigorexia, ensuring they receive the support and treatment needed to overcome this disorder.
